Self-directed learning (SDL), as outlined by Knowles (1975), assigns the major responsibility for learning to the student. Within the framework provided by the goals and objectives of the Physiotherapy Program, students should be able to determine their own learning goals, how best to achieve their objectives, how to select learning resources, and how to measure their own progress. Faculty facilitate learning by asking questions, stimulating critical thinking, challenging the students' point of view, providing feedback, and evaluating student performance. Students are encouraged to think and discover during the process of gaining new knowledge, and not simply memorize facts.

Self-directed learning is a component of life-long learning, which is now a clear expectation for all physiotherapists as practitioners within a regulated health profession. Self-directed learning provides students with the essential skills needed to work within changing practice contexts.

Problem-based learning (PBL), as a conceptual framework, contends that knowledge is best remembered in the context in which it is learned, and that acquisition and integration of new knowledge requires activation of prior knowledge. In contrast to the common approach of using a problem for application after learning has taken place, problem-based learning requires that the learner encounter a problem first as the initial stimulus for learning. The learner thus becomes actively involved in the learning process, can shape it to meet personal needs based on prior knowledge and experience, can engage in independent study appropriate to his/her unique learning style, and can integrate information from many sources, including student peers, into a conceptual framework for use in dealing with future problems.

Small group learning is a natural extension of problem-based learning. To maximize small group learning, we believe it is important to bring students from various educational and work experience backgrounds together so that the heterogeneity of the group itself becomes a valuable learning resource. The transfer of knowledge is enhanced through the use of problems that encourage students to not only learn content, but also to develop strategies to recognize the ‘analogy' or ‘principle' that can then be transferred to new problems and contexts.

Evidence-based practice is also an important part of our educational framework, led by faculty who are recognized internationally for the application of evidence-based practice in physiotherapy.

One of the goals of the program is to graduate physiotherapists who are evidence-based practitioners which means:

• They have the skills to evaluate and use evidence to support their clinical decisions,
• They incorporate the needs and values of their clients, and
• They have effective clinical skills.

In the second year, students advance their research skills by working in groups on independent research projects and presenting the results to their peers, faculty and the clinical community. This training in evidence-based practice will develop their ability to learn so that they can enhance their skills and knowledge across their lives as physiotherapists

Interprofessional education is an emerging and important educational framework within rehabilitation and health sciences. The Faculty of Health Sciences at McMaster University has developed PIPER (Program of Interprofessional Education and Research) to encourage students to develop strong collaborative and team skills for future practice. The physiotherapy program supports interprofessional education as a mandated activity for all students. The PIPER model provides students with four IPE competencies and three levels of activities from which they may choose to meet the mandatory requirements.